IB HL Physics. Spacetime diagrams

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A tutorial sheet on HL topic A.4 special relativity is given below.

  1. On a spacetime diagram the axes are inclined at 45° to each other. What does this mean?
  2. A spacetime diagram is drawn for observers in reference frames that are moving at a constant velocity of 0.8c relative to each other. When drawn on paper the unit length interval on the x and ct axes is 2.4 cm. Is the length interval on the x' and ct' axes less than, equal to or greater than this? Explain why and give its value.

IB HL Physics. P-V diagrams

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A tutorial sheet on P-V diagrams from Topic B.4 Thermodynamics is given below.

  1. During a cyclic process on a P-V diagram is the entropy change always zero?
  2. Does the efficiency of a heat engine depend on how rapidly the process is carried out?
  3. State the definition of an adiabatic process.
  4. On a P-V diagram the initial state is (P1,V1) and the final is (P2, V2). If the ratio of specific heats is ɣ and the specific heat capacity at constant volume is cv, find the entropy change between the two states.